"Sports for All" — Summary of the Evidence of Psychological and Social Outcomes of Participation

Daniel Gould; Ian Cowburn; Ashley Shields

Autores

Daniel Gould Institute for the Study of Youth Sports - Michigan State University
Ian Cowburn Department of Kinesiology - Saginaw Valley State University
Ashley Shields Institute for the Study of Youth Sports - Michigan State University

Palavras-chave:

sports, health, team, sports team, olympic games, sports for all

Resumo

In this edition, Dr. Dan Gould, Ian Cowburn, and Ashley Shields discuss the social and psychological outcomes associated with participation in sports. While most of the research points to positive outcomes for those who participate in youth and high school sports, these positive outcomes are not automatically conferred on those participating. Gould, Cowburn, and Shields provide recommendations for coaches, parents, and participants to insure that there are intentional efforts made to increase/build upon those potential positive outcomes of sports participation.

ARK
— Identificador persistente da Edição 2023 OLYMPIKA MAGAZINE - VOLUME 1 ONLINE - Nº. 001: https://n2t.net/ark:/40019/oly.v1i1
— Identificador persistente deste artigo: https://n2t.net/ark:/40019/oly.v1i1.3.g9

Referências

Appleton PR, Hall HK, Hill AP (2010). Family patterns of perfectionism: An examination of junior athletes and their parents. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 11(5), 363–371.

Australian Sports Commission: What is defined as sport. nd. [cited 2012 July]. Available from ausport.gov.au/ supporting/nso/asc_recognition.

Barnett N P, Smoll FL, Smith RE (1992). Effects of enhancing coach-athlete relationships on youth sports attrition. The Sport Psychologist, 6, 111–126.

Blinde EM, McClung LR (1997). Enhancing the physical and social self through recreational activity: Accounts of individuals with physical disabilities. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 14, 327–344.

Bredemeier BJ, Shields DL (1986). Game reasoning and interactional morality. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 147, 257–275.

Bredemeier BJ, Weiss MR, Shields DL, Shewchuk RM (1986). Promoting Growth in a summer sports camp: The implementation of theoretically grounded instructional strategies. Journal of Moral Education, 15, 212–220.

Camire M, Trudel P, Forneris T (2012). Coaching and transferring life skills: Philosophies and strategies used by model high school coaches. The Sport Psychologist, 26(2), 243–260.

Campbell E, Jones G (1994). Psychological well-being in wheelchair sport participants and nonparticipants. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 11, 404–415.

Coakley J (2009). Sports in society: Issues and controversies. Boston: McGraw Hill Higher Education. Coakley J (2011). Youth sports: What counts as “positive development?” Journal of Sport & Social Issues, 35, 306–324.

Collins K, Barber H (2005). Female athletes’ perceptions of parental influences. Journal of Sport Behavior, 28(4), 295–314.

Duda JL, Balaguer I (2007). Coach-created motivational climate. In Jowett S and Lavallee D (eds), Social psychology of sport (pp. 117–130). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.

Eccles JS, Barber BL (1999). Student council, volunteering, basketball, or marching band: What kind of extracurricular involvement matters? Journal of Adolescent Research, 14, 10–43.

Eccles JS, Barber BL, Stone M, Hunt J (2003). Extracurricular activities and adolescent development. The Journal of Social Issues, 59, 865–889.

Eccles JS, Harold RD (1991). Gender differences in sport involvement: Applying the Eccles expectancy value model. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 3(1), 7–35.

Eime RM, Young JA, Harvey J, Charity MJ, Payne WR (2013). A systematic review of the psychological and social benefits of participation in sport for children and adolescents: Informing development of a conceptual model of health through sport. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 10, 98.

Fox CK, Barr-Anderson D, Neumark-Sztainer D, Wall M (2010). Physical activity and sports team participation: Associations with academic outcomes in middle school and high school students. Journal of School Health, 80(1), 31–37.

Fredricks JA, Eccles JS (2002). Children’s competence and value beliefs from childhood to adolescence: Growth trajectories in two male-sex-typed domains. Developmental Psychology, 38, 519–533.

Fredricks, JA, Eccles JS (2005). Family socialization, gender, and sport motivation and involvement. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 27, 3–31.

Fry MD (2010). Creating a positive climate for young athletes. Journal of Sport Psychology in Action, 1(1), 33–41.

Fry MD, Gano-Overway LA (2010). Exploring the contribution of the caring climate to the youth sports experience. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 22, 294–304.

Fry MD, Guivernau M, Kim M, Newton M, Gano-Overway LA, Magyar TM (2011). Youth perspectives of a caring climate, emotional regulation, and psychological well-being. Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology, 9(1), 44–57.

Gano-Overway LA, Newton M, Magyar TM, Fry MD, Kim M-S, Guivernau M R (2009). Influence of caring youth sport contexts on efficacy-related beliefs and social behaviors. Developmental Psychology, 45, 329–340.

Geibink MP, McKenzie JL (1985). Teaching sportsmanship in physical education and recreation: An analysis of interventions and generalized effects. Journal of Teaching Physical Education, 4(3), 167–177.

Gibbins SL, Ebbeck V, Weiss MR (1995). Fair play for kids: Effects on the moral development of children in physical education. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 66, 247–255.

Gould D (2013). Effective education and development of youth sport coaches. President’s Council on Fitness, Sports & Nutrition Research Digest, 14(4), 1–10.

Gould D, Carson S (2010). The relationship between perceived coaching behavior and developmental benefits of high school sports participation. The Hellenic Journal of Psychology, 7, 298–314.

Gould D, Carson S (2011). Young athletes’ perceptions of the relationship between coaching behaviors and developmental experiences. International Journal of Coaching Science, 5(2), 3–29.

Gould D, Collins K, Lauer L, Chung Y (2007). Coaching life skills through football: A study of award winning high school coaches. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 19(1), 16–37.

Gould D, Cowburn I, Pierce S (2012). Sport parenting research: Current status, future directions, and practical implications. US Tennis Association White Paper report.

Gould D, Flett MR, Lauer L (2012). The relationship between psychosocial developmental and the sports climate experienced by underserved youth. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 13(1), 80–87.

Gould D, Udry E, Tuffey S, Loehr J (1996). Burnout in competitive junior tennis players: I. A quantitative psychological assessment. The Sport Psychologist, 10, 322–340.

Gould D, Westfall S (2014). Promoting life skills in children and youth: Applications to sport contexts. In Rui Gomes A, Resende R, and Albuquerque A (eds). Positive human functioning from a multidimensional perspective. Vol. 2: Promoting healthy lifestyles (pp. 53–77). NY: Nova.

Greenwood CM, Dzewaltowski DA., French R (1990). Self-efficacy and psychological well-being of wheelchair tennis participants and wheelchair nontennis participants. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 7, 12–21.

Groff DG, Lundberg NR, Zabriskie RB (2009). Influence of adapted sport on quality of life: Perceptions of athletes with cerebral palsy. Disability and Rehabilitation, 31(4), 318–326

Gustafsson H, Kentta G, Hassmen P (2011). Athlete burnout: An integrated model and future research directions. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 4(1), 3–24.

Hansen DM, Larson R (2007). Amplifiers of developmental and negative experiences in organized activities: Dosage, motivation, lead roles, and adult-youth ratios. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 28, 360–374.

Hansen DM, Larson RW, Dworkin JB, (2003). What adolescents learn in organized youth activities. Journal of Research on Adolescents, 13(1), 25–55.

Hodge KP (1989). Character-building in sport: Fact or fiction? New Zealand Journal of Sports Medicine, 17(2), 23–25.

Holt NL, Kingsley BC, Tink LN, Scherer J (2011). Benefits and challenges associated with sport participation by children and parents from low-income families. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 12, 490–499.

Holt NL, Knight CJ (2014). Parenting in youth sport: From Research to practice. NY: Routledge.

Kane MJ, Lavoi NM (2007) (ed.). The 2007 Tucker Center Research Report: Developing physically active girls: An evidence-base multidisciplinary approach. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Tucker Center.

Kavussanu M (2008). Moral behavior in sport: A critical review of the literature. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 1, 124–138.

Knifsend CA, Graham S (2012). Too much of a good thing? How breadth of extracurricular participation relates to school-related affect and academic outcomes during adolescence. Journal of Youth Adolescence, 41, 379–389.

Kornspan AS (2007). The early years of sport psychology: The work and influence of Pierre de Couberin. Journal of Sport Behavior, 30(1), 77–93.

Larson RW, Hansen DM, Moneta G (2006). Differing profiles of developmental experiences across types of organized youth activities. Developmental Psychology, 42(5), 849–863.

MacDonald DJ, Cote J, Eys M, Deakin J (2011). The role of enjoyment and motivational climate in relation to the personal development of team sport athletes. The Sport Psychologist, 25, 32–46.

Marsh HW (1993). The effects of participation in sport during the last two years of high school. Sociology of Sport Journal, 10, 18–43.

Marsh HW, Kleitman S (2003). School athletic participation: Mostly gain with little pain. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 5, 205–228.

Martens R (1975). Social psychology of sport. New York: Harper & Row.

Martens MP, O’Connor KD, Beck NC (2006). A systematic review of college student-athlete drinking: Prevalence rates, sport-related factors and interventions. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 31, 305–316.

Melnick MJ, Sabo DF, Vanfossen B (1992). Educational effects of interscholastic athletic participation on African-American and Hispanic youth. Adolescence, 27, 295–308.

Petitpas AJ, Cornelius AE, Van Raalte JL, Jones T (2005). A framework for planning youth sport programs that foster psychosocial development. The Sport Psychologist, 19, 63–80.

Plato (1992). Republic (Rev. ed.) (GMA Grube, CDC Reeve, Trans.) Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, Inc. (Original work written 380 B.C.). Accessed at books.google.com/books/about/Republic_ Grube_Edition.html?id=1H7gvzj5_CEC.

Raedeke TD, Smith AL, Kentta G, Arce C, de Francisco D (2014). Burnout in sport: From theory to practice. In Rui Gomes A, Resende R, Albuquerque A (eds). Positive human functioning from a multidimensional perspective. Vol. 1: Promoting stress adaptation (pp. 113–141). Hauppague, NY: Nova.

Shields DLL, Bredemeier BL (2007). Advances in sport morality research. In Tenenbaum G, Eklund RC (eds), Handbook of sport psychology (3rd ed., pp. 662–684). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley & Sons.

Smith RE, Smoll FL, Cummings FL (2007). Effects of a motivational climate on intervention for coaches on youth athletes’ sport performance anxiety. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 29(1), 39–59.

Smoll FL, Smith RE (2002). Coaching behavior research and intervention in youth sports. In Smoll FL, Smith RE (eds), Children and youth in sport: A biopsychosocial perspective (2nd ed., pp. 211–233). Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt.

Smoll F, Smith R, Barnett N, Everett J (1993). Enhancement of children’s self-esteem through social support training for youth sport coaches. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78(4), 602–610.

Sønderlund AL, O’Brien K, Kremer P, Rowland B, De Groot F, Staiger P, Zinkiewicz L, Miller G (2014). The association between sports participation, alcohol use and aggression and violence: A systematic review. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 17, 2–7.

Stalsberg R, Pedersen AV (2010). Effects of socioeconomic status on the physical activity in adolescents: A systematic review of the evidence. Scandinavian Journal of Sports Medicine, 20, 368–383.

Stein GL, Raedeke TD, Glenn SD (1999). Children’s perceptions of parent sport involvement: It’s not how much, but to what degree that’s important. Journal of Sport Behavior, 22, 591–602.

Strachan L, Cote J, Deakin J (2009). “Specializers” versus “samplers” in youth sport: Comparing experiences and outcomes. The Sport Psychologist, 23, 77–92.

Strong WB, Malina RM, Blimkie CJR, Daniels SR, Dishman RK, Guten B, Hergenroeder AC, Must A, Nixon PA, Pivarnik J, Rowland J, Trost S, Trudeau F (2005). Evidence based physical activity for school-age youth. Journal of Pediatrics, 146(6), 732–737.

Toftegaard-Stockel J, Nielsen GA, Ibsen B, Andersen LB (2011). Parental, socio and cultural factors associated with adolescents’ sports participation in four Danish municipalities. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 21(4), 606–611.

Trudeau F, Shepard RJ (2008). Physical education, school physical activity, school sports and academic performance. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 5, 10.

US Department of Health and Human Services (1996). Physical activity and health: A report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services.

Videon TM (2002). Who plays and who benefits: Gender, interscholastic athletics, and academic outcomes. Sociological Perspectives, 45(4), 415–444.

Warburton DER, Crystal WN, Shannon SDB (2006). Health benefits of physical activity: The evidence. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 174(6), 801–809.

Weiss MR (2011). Teach the children well: A holistic approach to developing psychosocial and behavioral competencies through PE. Quest, 63(1), 55–65.

Weiss MR, Amorose AJ (2008). Motivational orientations and sport behavior. In Horn TS (ed.). Advances in sport psychology (3rd edition), Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 115–155.

Weiss MR, Ferrer-Caja E (2002). Motivational orientations and sport behavior. In Horn TS (ed.). Advances in sport psychology (2nd ed., pp. 101–183) Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.

Weiss MR, Smith AL, Stuntz CP (2008). Moral development in sport and physical activity. In Horn TS (ed). Advances in sport psychology (3rd ed., pp. 187–210), Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.