A morosa questão da mobilidade nos Jogos Olímpicos: Das cidades-sede às regiões-sede no estudo de caso em andamento de Milano-Cortina 2026

Gustavo Lopes dos Santos; Rosário Macário; Marie Delaplace; Stefano Di Vita

Autores

Gustavo Lopes dos Santos Centre for Innovation in Territory, Urbanism and Architecture (CiTUA), Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Portugal
Rosário Macário Civil Engineering Research and Innovation for Sustainability (CERIS), Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Portugal / Department of Transport and Regional Economics (TPR), Faculty of Business and Economics, University of Antwerp, Belgium
Marie Delaplace Lab’Urba-EUP, Université Gustave Eiffel—Université Paris, France
Stefano Di Vita Dipartimento di Architettura e Studi Urbani, Politecnico di Milano, Italy

Palavras-chave:

Agenda Olímpica 2020, Jogos Olímpicos, Planejamento de Megaeventos, Cidade Olímpica, Transporte, Mobilidade, Sustentabilidade, Milano-Cortina 2026

Resumo

Devido à oposição pública à insustentabilidade da realização dos Jogos Olímpicos, o Comitê Olímpico Internacional adotou a Agenda Olímpica 2020 para ajustar os requisitos do evento e abordar as preocupações de sustentabilidade da sociedade moderna. Desde a sua implementação, a Agenda impulsionou mudanças importantes no planejamento e na organização das Olimpíadas, incluindo a possibilidade de regiões-sede. Isso permite a expansão das instalações olímpicas por territórios maiores, facilitando, em teoria, o alinhamento dos requisitos do evento com as necessidades das áreas urbanas contemporâneas em intenso crescimento. No entanto, quanto maior o território anfitrião, mais complexo se torna o planejamento da mobilidade, uma vez que as necessidades de transporte dos participantes ainda precisam ser atendidas e as populações anfitriãs ainda esperam se beneficiar dos investimentos realizados. O objetivo deste artigo é identificar e discutir os novos desafios que essas modificações trazem para o planejamento da mobilidade em megaeventos. Primeiramente, com base na literatura acadêmica de estudos de caso de cidades olímpicas anteriores, propõe-se um arcabouço teórico para sistematizar o problema da mobilidade nos Jogos Olímpicos, visando sua validação posterior, identificando as dimensões dos respectivos quadros de conhecimento. Em segundo lugar, descreve-se o planejamento de mobilidade para o estudo de caso da primeira região olímpica da história — os Jogos Olímpicos de Inverno de Milano-Cortina 2026. Utilizando esse estudo de caso, a estrutura proposta é extrapolada para outros casos de regiões olímpicas, a fim de identificar possíveis mudanças no paradigma do planejamento de mobilidade quando se aumenta a escala espacial das cidades-sede dos Jogos Olímpicos. As conclusões indicam que, se abordada adequadamente, a insustentabilidade pode ser mitigada nas regiões olímpicas, mas os planejadores de megaeventos precisarão considerar novas questões que afetam as comunidades anfitriãs e as partes interessadas nos eventos.

PID
— Identificador persistente deste artigo: ark:/40019/oly.v4i4.32.g43

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Artigo adaptado e traduzido para o português pelos editores de OLYMPIKA MAGAZINE para republicação, conforme normas de submissão do periódico. Versão original em: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/2/910. LICENÇA ORIGINAL E DA VERSÃO: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

IMAGEM MERAMENTE ILUSTRATIVA. Porta-bandeiras na cerimônia de abertura dos Jogos Olímpicos de Milano-Cortina 2026. Por: Vice President JD Vance, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons