La prolongada cuestión de la movilidad en los Juegos Olímpicos
De las ciudades anfitrionas a las regiones anfitrionas en el estudio de caso en curso de Milano-Cortina 2026
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Palabras clave:
Agenda Olímpica 2020, Juegos Olímpicos, Planificación de megaeventos, Ciudad Olímpica, Transporte, Movilidad, Sostenibilidad, Milano-Cortina 2026Resumen
Debido a la oposición pública a la insostenibilidad de albergar los Juegos Olímpicos, el Comité Olímpico Internacional adoptó la Agenda Olímpica 2020 para ajustar los requisitos del evento y abordar las preocupaciones de sostenibilidad de la sociedad moderna. Desde su implementación, la Agenda ha impulsado cambios significativos en la planificación y organización de los Juegos Olímpicos, incluyendo la posibilidad de regiones anfitrionas. Esto permite la expansión de las instalaciones olímpicas a territorios más amplios, lo que, en teoría, facilita la alineación de los requisitos del evento con las necesidades de las áreas urbanas contemporáneas en rápido crecimiento. Sin embargo, cuanto mayor sea el territorio anfitrión, más compleja se vuelve la planificación de la movilidad, ya que aún deben satisfacerse las necesidades de transporte de los participantes y las poblaciones anfitrionas aún esperan beneficiarse de las inversiones realizadas. El objetivo de este artículo es identificar y analizar los nuevos desafíos que estas modificaciones plantean a la planificación de la movilidad en megaeventos. En primer lugar, a partir de la literatura académica de estudios de caso de ciudades olímpicas anteriores, se propone un marco teórico para sistematizar el problema de la movilidad en los Juegos Olímpicos, con miras a su posterior validación e identificando las dimensiones de los respectivos marcos de conocimiento. En segundo lugar, se describe la planificación de la movilidad para el caso de estudio de la primera región olímpica de la historia: los Juegos Olímpicos de Invierno Milano-Cortina 2026. A partir de este estudio de caso, la estructura propuesta se extrapola a otros casos de regiones olímpicas para identificar posibles cambios en el paradigma de la planificación de la movilidad cuando aumenta la escala espacial de las ciudades sede de los Juegos Olímpicos. Las conclusiones indican que, si se aborda adecuadamente, la insostenibilidad puede mitigarse en las regiones olímpicas, pero los planificadores de megaeventos deberán considerar los nuevos problemas que afectan a las comunidades anfitrionas y a los participantes.
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— ARK: ark:/40019/oly.v4i4.32.g43
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Artigo adaptado e traduzido para o português pelos editores de OLYMPIKA MAGAZINE para republicação, conforme normas de submissão do periódico. Versão original em: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/2/910. LICENÇA ORIGINAL E DA VERSÃO: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
IMAGEM MERAMENTE ILUSTRATIVA. Porta-bandeiras na cerimônia de abertura dos Jogos Olímpicos de Milano-Cortina 2026. Por: Vice President JD Vance, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
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Derechos de autor 2026 Gustavo Lopes dos Santos, Rosário Macário, Marie Delaplace, Stefano Di Vita

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